PRINCIPLE OF TEACHING

Why do we learn the principle and maxims of teaching?

Every teacher wants to make maximum involvement and participation of the learners in the learning process. He sets the classroom in such a way so that it becomes attractive for them. He uses different methods, rules, principles etc in order to make his lesson effective and purposeful.

Meaning of maxims of teaching

Maxims of Teaching​ are the universal facts found out by the teacher on the basis of experience . They are of universal significance and are trustworthy. The knowledge of different maxims helps the teacher to proceed systematically.

Meaning of principle

It is a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption.

General Principle of teaching

There are some general principles of teaching emerged from the general experience, traditions and new researches in the field of education and pedagogy. These are

Principle of definiteness of goals or objectives.

Teaching should start with defining aim and objective.

The teacher and students must be clear about the goals of teaching-learning. It helps them to be on the track.

When the goals and objectives of the lesson are determined properly it will help the teacher to plan, execute and evaluate the phase of the teaching-learning process.

 

Principle of planning

Planning in teaching is a very important step, teachers must plan properly before coming to actual classroom teaching.

 The successful teaching-learning process highly depends on teachers’ planning and execution in the class.

The planning includes a lesson plan, Teaching aids, Strategy and Methods of teaching.

Principle of flexibility and elasticity

The teaching strategy must be flexible.

 It needs to be changed according to the classroom situations and the needs of students.

Teachers should be imaginative and resourceful people so that they can adapt strategies according to the needs of the classroom environment.

Principle of utilizing past experiences

In effective teaching, the teacher must start a lesson with questions to know about the student’s previous knowledge. Prior knowledge could reduce the cognitive load leading to better learning engagement.

Principle of child centeredness

The modern education system is child centeredness. According to the National Curriculum Framework (NCF), the students are the active participant and the teachers are the facilitators.

 So the teaching should be according to the child’s needs, abilities and interests and teaching should be activity-based so that students can be learned with the active participants.

 

 

Principle of making provision of individual differences

As we know every child is different from each other. The teacher should be kept in mind Individual differences while teaching and he should teach according to the children’s abilities and interests.

Principle of linking with actual life

According to the NCF-2005 the learning should go beyond the four walls of the school. Teaching should be linked with real-life experiences of everyday life. It not only motivates students but also makes them easy to learn a lesson. In teaching, lesson teacher should give appropriate examples with the student’s day to day life activities

Principle of correlating with other subjects

The correlating of one subject with another subject is very important in order to create interest in the subject. In effective teaching, the teacher gives correlates one subject with another to the overall development of the students.

Principle of effective strategies and instructional material

Effective strategies in teaching are very important. The teacher should adopt effective teaching methods so that students can gain maximum knowledge and the teaching aids and other instructional materials should be used effectively.

Principle of active participation and involvement

In modern-day education, teaching and learning must be child centeredness so that children can actively participate in learning.

 The teacher should use the activity-based teaching method so that the maximum number of students can be involved and active participants in the teaching-learning process.

Principle of conducive and proper control

The teacher should create such a conducive environment so that it becomes a motivating factor for learning. There must be proper arrangement of light, furniture and other needful resources. The teacher should maintain proper order and discipline by being sympathetic but at the same time, he must be firm.

Psychological Principles of teaching

Psychological principle of teaching means in the process of teaching as teacher ,we can able to shape the behaviors of students. teacher can adopt the way through which the students will not feel that they are pressurized to learn rather they will feel it according to their interest so on.

1. Principle of Motivation and Interest
2. Principle of repetition and exercise
3. Principle of change, Rest and Recreation
4. Principle of reinforcement and Feedback
5. Principle of sympathy and cooperation
6. Principle of training to senses
7. Principle of utilizing group dynamics
8. Principle of encouraging self learning
9. Principle of remedial teaching

Maxims of teaching

 

1. From Known to Unknown
2. From definite to indefinite
3. From simple to complex
4. From concrete to abstract
5. From actual to Representative
6. From particular to General
7. From whole to parts
8. From induction to deduction
9. From analysis to synthesis
10. From empirical to Rational
11. From Psychological to Logical

 

 

 

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