OBSERVATION
In school, during the school hours, the
students undergo various institutional
environments. During this time the students behave differently.
Observation is useful in evaluating students‘
behavior in different situations. In English we use the phrases to see and to observe.
To see means to study the external features of the body whereas to observe. To
see means to study the external body feature along with the internal features.
This process of observation is simple as far as it is concerned with the
gathering of information about the behavior and personality of the students.
Observation helps the observer to observe the activities of students, class-behaviour, and hence ascertain the emotional development, mental development and maturity etc.
During observation care should be taken that the person who is observed is unaware that he is being observed.
Thus the observation should be out of the knowledge of person. Further care should be taken that the behavior which is to be observed should be pre-decided.
At a time one person and one characteristic should be observed.
Observation can be direct or indirect, controlled or
uncontrolled, known or unknown.
Types of Observation
Observations can be categorized as controlled observation and uncontrolled.
Controlled
observation
·
The observation done in the laboratory
is called controlled observation.
·
Controlled observation means the
observation is done with the knowledge of the person means that the person who
is being observed is aware that he or she is being observed by the observer.
·
Controlled observation thus means
conscious observation. Uncontrolled observation means taking observation
without the knowledge of person.
Uncontrolled
Observation
Uncontrolled observation is thus
conducted in a natural situation or condition.
Steps of Observation
Following
are the steps for observation:
Planning
Execution
Recording
and interpretation
Planning
The characteristic, topic or the thing
to be observed is decided in this stage. Whether it is group observation or
personal observation, when and how many times the observation would be done,
the tools useful for recording the observation etc. is also decided here. The
specific type of training, if necessary for observer, is provided. These
training are useful during interpretation.
Who will be doing observation or the observer is also pre
decided.
Execution
The arrangement for observation is
done. The necessary arrangement for the observation as such the natural or
artificial arrangement is done. Then after that environment of that opportunity
is given so that the person is motivated to behave in some manner and that
behavior is observed. Moreover the type of observation, its time and place for
observation is also decided.
Recording and Interpretation
If the tools or instruments are ready
then observation turns a fast process. The
Observation or the recording is herby evaluated and
interpreted.
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