Criteria |
Instruction |
Training |
Teaching |
Focus |
Specific content or skills, e.g., learning algebra in a math class |
Specific skills or tasks, e.g., learning to operate machinery |
Broad knowledge and intellectual growth, e.g., developing critical thinking in history class |
Objective |
Achieving learning objectives, e.g., mastering grammatical rules in language learning |
Skill development, e.g., becoming proficient in carpentry |
Developing understanding, e.g., understanding democracy and social values in a civics class |
Methodology |
Systematic, structured approach, e.g., following a textbook to teach physics |
Repetitive, hands-on, e.g., practicing CPR in first-aid training |
Dialogue, inquiry, e.g., Socratic questioning in philosophy |
Context |
Formal settings, e.g., classroom lectures on world geography |
Vocational or job-related settings, e.g., apprenticeship in welding |
Formal and informal settings, e.g., discussions on ethical dilemmas in a classroom or during field trips |
Scope |
Narrow, task-focused, e.g., mastering formulas in chemistry |
Narrow, job or task specific, e.g., learning software coding languages for programming |
Wide, e.g., teaching literature, critical analysis, and life lessons through novels |
Role of Learner |
Passive to active, e.g., listening and solving problems in a science lesson |
Active, e.g., firefighter drills to respond to emergencies |
Active, e.g., questioning and debating social issues in a sociology class |
Role of Instructor/Teacher |
Directs and monitors tasks, e.g., giving step-by-step instructions on solving equations |
Coaching or guiding, e.g., a fitness coach showing how to lift weights |
Facilitates, mentors, e.g., encouraging open discussions and reflections in a literature class |
Evaluation |
Tests based on clear objectives, e.g., exams on historical facts |
Performance assessments, e.g., driver’s test for getting a license |
Continuous feedback, e.g., essay evaluations based on argument strength and clarity |
Learning Process |
Predetermined path, e.g., following a math curriculum from basics to advanced |
Focus on skill acquisition, e.g., using simulation drills to teach surgery skills |
Discovery and exploration, e.g., project-based learning in environmental science |
Nature of Content |
Information-focused, e.g., teaching dates and events in history |
Skill-based, e.g., technical skills like auto repair |
Conceptual and intellectual development, e.g., fostering creativity and empathy in art and literature |
Duration |
Short-term or modular, e.g., completing a computer science module |
Short-term, job-specific, e.g., a two-week training course on customer service |
Long-term, covering academic periods, e.g., year-long courses on political science |
Customization |
Less personalized, standardized, e.g., a uniform math curriculum for all students |
Tailored to individual needs, e.g., personalized piano lessons |
Highly adaptable, e.g., teachers adjusting pace or content based on individual student's progress |
Outcome |
Achieving specific goals, e.g., passing a physics exam |
Mastering specific tasks, e.g., becoming a certified electrician |
Intellectual and personal growth, e.g., fostering ethical decision-making and analytical skills |
Disciplinary Approach |
Subject-specific, e.g., biology, physics |
Focused on profession or trade, e.g., nursing, plumbing |
Multidisciplinary, e.g., teaching through multiple subjects, such as combining history, literature, and art |
Formality |
More formal, rule-based, e.g., memorizing laws of physics |
Practical, experiential, e.g., hands-on technical training for car mechanics |
Can be both formal and informal, e.g., teaching life skills during group activities or through dialogue |
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