METHOD ,APPROACH & TECHNIQUE IN ELT UNIT 2

Method, Approach and Technique in English Language Teaching

Meaning • Differences • Examples • Types • Comprehensive Notes

Introduction

In English Language Teaching (ELT), the terms Approach, Method, and Technique are closely related but not identical. Understanding their meaning and differences is essential for effective classroom teaching and for answering examination questions accurately.

1. What is an Approach?

An approach refers to a set of theories and beliefs about the nature of language and language learning. It explains how a language is learned but does not specify classroom procedures.

In simple words: An approach is a theory or philosophy behind teaching.

Approaches are based on insights from linguistics, psychology, and sociology. They are broad and abstract in nature.

Types of Approaches in English Teaching

• Structural Approach – Language is viewed as a system of structures.
• Communicative Approach – Language is primarily a tool for communication.
• Functional-Notional Approach – Focuses on functions like requesting, apologizing.
• Natural Approach – Language acquisition occurs naturally like first language learning.
• Humanistic Approach – Emphasizes learner emotions and motivation.
• Cognitive Approach – Focuses on mental processes involved in language learning.

2. What is a Method?

A method is an overall plan for teaching a language based on a particular approach. It describes the roles of teachers and learners, types of activities, and use of materials.

In simple words: A method is the practical application of an approach.

Methods are more concrete than approaches and guide classroom organization.

Types of Methods in English Teaching

• Grammar Translation Method
• Direct Method
• Bilingual Method
• Audio-Lingual Method
• Dr. West’s New Method
• Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
• Situational Language Teaching
• Eclectic Method

3. What is a Technique?

A technique refers to specific classroom activities or procedures used by the teacher to achieve immediate teaching objectives.

In simple words: A technique is what the teacher actually does in the classroom.

Techniques are concrete, observable, and flexible.

Types of Techniques in English Teaching

• Question–Answer Technique
• Role Play
• Drilling
• Storytelling
• Group Discussion
• Pair Work
• Translation Exercise
• Language Games

Difference between Approach, Method and Technique

Basis	Approach	Method	Technique
Nature	Theoretical	Practical plan	Classroom action
Level	Philosophical	Organizational	Operational
Flexibility	Very broad	Moderate	Highly flexible
Example	Communicative Approach	Communicative Language Teaching	Role play, pair work

Relatable Classroom Example

A teacher believes that language is best learned through communication. This belief represents the Communicative Approach.

To implement this belief, the teacher follows Communicative Language Teaching as the method.

In the classroom, the teacher uses role play, pair work, and group discussion as techniques.

Conclusion

Approach, Method, and Technique form a hierarchical and interrelated framework in ELT. An approach provides the theoretical base, a method offers the teaching plan, and techniques ensure effective classroom implementation.

Internet-Based and Standard References

• Anthony, E. M. (1963). Approach, Method and Technique.
• Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching.
• NCERT (2006). Position Paper on Teaching of English.
• British Council – Teaching Knowledge Database.
• UNESCO Language Education Resources.
• Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition.

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