Expository Method of Teaching
Concept • Characteristics • Application
Meaning
The Expository Method is a teacher-centred method of instruction in which knowledge is presented to learners through clear explanation, description, and demonstration. The teacher acts as the main source of information, while students listen, observe, and take notes.
Nature of the Expository Method
- Teacher-dominated instructional approach
- Verbal and explanation-oriented
- Systematic and logically sequenced
- Limited learner interaction
- Content-focused learning
Forms of Expository Method
- Lecture Method – Continuous oral explanation
- Illustrative Method – Use of charts, diagrams, examples
- Demonstration Method – Showing while explaining
- Storytelling Method – Narrative-based explanation
Steps Involved
- Introduction and motivation
- Presentation of content
- Clarification of difficult points
- Recapitulation and summarisation
- Evaluation and feedback
Role of the Teacher
- Planner and organiser of subject matter
- Clear communicator and explainer
- User of teaching aids and illustrations
- Controller of learning pace
Role of the Learner
- Listens attentively
- Observes demonstrations
- Takes notes
- Responds to teacher’s questions
Merits
- Time-efficient method
- Suitable for large classes
- Useful for abstract concepts
- Ensures uniform content coverage
Demerits
- Learners remain passive
- Encourages rote memorisation
- Limited scope for creativity
- Individual differences ignored
Example
Teaching Parts of a Plant (Class IV): The teacher explains roots, stem, leaves, and flowers using charts and real plants, while students observe and note the information.
Conclusion
The Expository Method is effective for systematic transmission of knowledge. However, for meaningful learning, it should be combined with activity-based and learner-centred approaches, especially at the elementary level.
Collaborative Method of Teaching
Learning Together • Shared Responsibility • Social Construction of Knowledge
Meaning
The Collaborative Method is a learner-centred instructional approach in which students work together in small groups to achieve common learning goals. Knowledge is constructed through interaction, discussion, cooperation, and shared responsibility.
Nature of Collaborative Method
- Learner-centred and activity-based
- Emphasises group interaction and teamwork
- Promotes social and communication skills
- Learning through discussion and cooperation
- Teacher acts as a facilitator
Key Principles
- Positive interdependence
- Individual accountability
- Face-to-face interaction
- Group processing and reflection
- Development of social skills
Forms / Techniques
- Group discussion
- Think–Pair–Share
- Project-based learning
- Peer teaching
- Jigsaw method
Steps Involved
- Formation of heterogeneous groups
- Assignment of task or problem
- Group discussion and cooperation
- Presentation of group outcomes
- Evaluation and reflection
Role of the Teacher
- Facilitator and guide
- Designer of learning tasks
- Observer and motivator
- Provides feedback and support
Role of the Learner
- Active participant
- Cooperative group member
- Responsible for own and group learning
- Communicates ideas respectfully
Merits
- Promotes critical thinking
- Develops social and communication skills
- Encourages learner autonomy
- Improves motivation and engagement
Demerits
- Time-consuming
- Unequal participation among learners
- Difficult to manage large classes
- Requires careful planning
Example
Teaching Environmental Studies (Class V): Students work in groups to prepare charts on local environmental issues. Each group discusses causes, effects, and solutions, and then presents their findings to the class.
Conclusion
The Collaborative Method promotes active learning, cooperation, and social development. It aligns well with modern educational goals and NEP-2020, making learners responsible participants in the learning process.
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