EDUCATION IN INDIA

Teacher Education in India

Committees, Commissions & Policies (Chronological – UGC NET Ready)

Year	Committee / Commission / Policy	Major Recommendations on Teacher Education
1948–49	University Education Commission (Radhakrishnan Commission)	Teaching recognized as a professional occupation Teacher training institutions linked with universities Inclusion of educational philosophy and psychology Continuous professional development through refresher courses
1952–53	Secondary Education Commission (Mudaliar Commission)	Compulsory pre-service and in-service training Balance between subject knowledge and pedagogy Practice teaching and internship made mandatory Improved salary and service conditions for teachers
1954	Central Institute of Education (Delhi University)	Model institution for teacher education and research Integration of theory with practice Curricular innovation in teacher training Leadership preparation in education
1956	University Grants Commission (UGC)	Financial assistance to teacher education departments Standardization of higher education Promotion of research in teacher education Faculty development programmes
1961	NCERT	National-level in-service teacher training Curriculum and textbook development Educational research and innovation Promotion of child-centred pedagogy
1964–66	Kothari Commission (Education Commission)	Teacher as a nation builder Integrated and professional teacher education Teaching as a lifelong process National standards for teacher education institutions
1968	National Policy on Education (1968)	Expansion of teacher training institutions Emphasis on qualitative improvement Training teachers in regional languages Orientation towards national development
1973	Chattopadhyaya Committee	Teacher as a reflective practitioner Development of professional identity Teacher as an agent of social change Encouragement of critical thinking
1986	National Policy on Education (1986)	Teacher education as a continuous process Establishment of DIETs, IASEs and CTEs Introduction of Continuous Professional Development Strengthening institutional support systems
1993	National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE Act)	Mandatory recognition of teacher education institutions Minimum qualifications for teachers Regulation of admissions and infrastructure Prevention of commercialization of teacher education
2005	National Curriculum Framework (2005)	Constructivist approach to teaching Teacher as facilitator of learning Reflective and experiential pedagogy Child-centred classroom practices
2010	Justice J.S. Verma Commission	Overhaul of teacher education curriculum Strict regulation and accreditation End to commercialization of TEIs Professional ethics and accountability
2014	NCTE Regulations (2014)	Two-year B.Ed and D.El.Ed made mandatory Extended school internship and practicum Faculty quality and infrastructure norms Quality assurance benchmarks
2020	National Education Policy (NEP-2020)	Four-year Integrated B.Ed as minimum qualification Multidisciplinary teacher education programmes Minimum 50 hours of CPD every year Merit-based recruitment and career progression

UGC-NET MEMORY RULE:
Mudaliar → Kothari → NPE-1986 → NCTE-1993 → NCF-2005 → NEP-2020

References (APA)

• Government of India. (1949). Report of the University Education Commission.
• Government of India. (1953). Report of the Secondary Education Commission.
• Government of India. (1966). Education Commission Report (1964–66).
• Government of India. (1986). National Policy on Education.
• Government of India. (1993). NCTE Act.
• Government of India. (2020). National Education Policy.