Duhkha Traya – The Threefold Suffering
In Sāṃkhya philosophy, Duhkha Traya refers to the three types of suffering that afflict human life. Recognizing these leads to the search for liberation (Kaivalya).
| Type | Sanskrit Name | Description / Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Internal Suffering | Ādhyātmika | Originates from the body or mind (e.g., disease, stress, fear) |
| 2. External Suffering | Ādhibhautika | Caused by other beings (e.g., violence, animals, enemies) |
| 3. Supernatural/Natural Suffering | Ādhidaivika | Due to unseen forces or nature (e.g., natural disasters, fate, karma) |
Examples of Duhkha Traya in Daily Life
- Ādhyātmika: A person suffering from chronic anxiety or back pain.
- Ādhibhautika: Getting injured in a road accident caused by another driver.
- Ādhidaivika: Losing your home in a cyclone or experiencing prolonged drought.
"त्रयमेकं दुःखत्रयाभिघाताज्जिज्ञासा।" – Sāṃkhya Sūtra 1.1
"From the affliction of the threefold suffering, arises the desire for true knowledge."
"From the affliction of the threefold suffering, arises the desire for true knowledge."
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