Roger 's theory

Carl Rogers' Self-Theory (Person-Centered Theory)

Who Gave It

Proponent: Carl Rogers

When

Introduced: 1950s

What Is the Need for Self-Theory?

Carl Rogers developed Self-Theory as part of his broader humanistic approach to psychology. The theory emphasizes the importance of an individual's self-concept, which includes their perceptions, beliefs, and feelings about themselves. Rogers believed that understanding how people perceive and value themselves was crucial for fostering personal growth and self-actualization.

This theory was developed to provide a more positive and growth-oriented alternative to the deterministic views of psychoanalysis and behaviorism, focusing on human potential, personal development, and self-awareness.

What the Theory States

Rogers' Self-Theory posits that:

• The Self: The self is composed of an individual's self-concept, which includes their thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about who they are.
• Self-Actualization: People are driven by an innate need for self-actualization, the desire to fulfill their potential and become the best version of themselves.
• Congruence: Personal growth occurs when there is congruence (alignment) between an individual's self-concept and their actual experiences. Incongruence can lead to psychological distress.
• Unconditional Positive Regard: Rogers emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard, accepting and valuing a person without judgment.
• Conditions of Worth: People often feel that their value depends on meeting certain conditions (e.g., success, love from others), which can distort their self-concept and inhibit personal growth.

Features of Self-Theory

• Self-Concept: How an individual sees themselves, including self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self.
• Real Self vs. Ideal Self: Discrepancy between the real self and the ideal self can lead to psychological distress.
• Congruence: Alignment between real self and ideal self is necessary for personal growth.
• Unconditional Positive Regard: Essential for fostering self-acceptance and personal growth.
• Conditions of Worth: Expectations imposed by others that distort self-concept.

Experiment/Case Studies

Rogers' theory emerged from his work in client-centered therapy, focusing on creating an environment of unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence between therapist and client.

A well-known case study is the "Gloria Tapes," where Rogers demonstrates his non-directive, person-centered approach in a therapy session.

Classroom Implications

• Encouragement of Self-Discovery: Help students explore and express their own feelings, fostering self-awareness.
• Non-Judgmental Environment: Provide unconditional positive regard, ensuring a supportive and accepting classroom.
• Personal Growth Focus: Focus on individual development rather than imposing conditions of worth.
• Empathy and Understanding: Teachers should model empathy and boost students' self-concept and self-esteem.
• Student-Centered Learning: Adopt a student-centered approach, focusing on intrinsic motivation.

Summary

Carl Rogers' Self-Theory (or Person-Centered Theory) highlights the significance of self-concept and the drive for self-actualization. The theory emphasizes congruence between the real and ideal self and stresses the importance of unconditional positive regard for personal growth. Rogers believed psychological distress stems from conditions of worth, leading to incongruence. This theory is widely applied in therapy, education, and personal development, promoting supportive environments for people to realize their full potential.