Administration & Supervision

 

 

Administration: Administration involves setting overall policies that management works to achieve within the organization. It covers areas like policy making, finance, production, and distribution coordination. Administration defines the goals and objectives of the organization and ensures their implementation. It includes decision-making and management duties performed by those in leadership roles, such as the chief of the army staff and his subordinates. Essentially, it manages the operations and business tasks of any office or organization, making necessary changes for efficiency.

Supervision: Supervision means having a clear vision to assess situations and guide future development, especially in education. It involves ensuring that teachers are competent, the learning environment is suitable, and students' progress is monitored. 

Historically, supervision evolved from inspection and enforcement to a more cooperative and democratic approach. Modern supervision focuses on improving teaching and learning conditions.

Definitions of Supervision:

Nagely and Evans: Supervision includes educational development.

William MacIver: It concerns the development of faculty and students toward physical and social competence.

Willes: Modern supervision assists in creating a better teaching and learning environment.

Herald and Mole: It involves activities focused on improving learning and growth for students and teachers.

National Education Association USA: Educational supervision includes:

Evaluating teaching skills and students' needs.

Improving teaching methods.

Assessing students.

Creating teaching aids.

Enhancing the curriculum and conducting research.