COGNITIVE RESOURCES OF THE SELF
Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models used for
classification of educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and
specificity. The three lists cover the learning objectives in cognitive,
affective and psychomotor domains.
Bloom identified six levels within
the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the
lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to
the highest order which is classified as evaluation.
Knowledge
Knowledge involves recognizing or
remembering facts, terms, basic concepts, or answers without necessarily
understanding what they mean. Some characteristics may include:
Example: Name three common varieties of
apple.
Comprehension
Comprehension
involves demonstrating an understanding of facts and ideas by organizing,
summarizing, translating, generalizing, giving descriptions, and stating the
main ideas.
Example:
Summarize the identifying characteristics of a Golden Delicious apple and a
Granny Smith apple.
Application
Application
involves using acquired knowledge to solve problems in new situations. This
involves applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules. Learners
should be able to use prior knowledge to solve problems, identify connections
and relationships and how they apply in new situations.
Example:
Would apples prevent scurvy, a disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin C?
Analysis
Analysis involves examining and
breaking information into component parts, determining how the parts relate to
one another, identifying motives or causes, making inferences, and finding
evidence to support generalizations. Its characteristics include:
Example: Compare and contrast four ways of
serving foods made with apples and examine which ones have the highest health
benefits.
Synthesis
Synthesis involves building a
structure or pattern from diverse elements; it also refers to the act of
putting parts together to form whole or bringing pieces of information together
to form a new meaning. Its characteristics include:
Example: Convert an "unhealthy"
recipe for apple pie to a "healthy" recipe by replacing your choice
of ingredients. Argue for the health benefits of using the ingredients you
chose versus the original ones.
Evaluation
Evaluation involves presenting and
defending opinions by making judgments about information, the validity of
ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. Its characteristics
include:
Judgments in terms of internal
evidence
Judgments in terms of external
criteria
Example: Which kinds of apples are suitable
for baking a pie, and why?
Self-critical
awareness – It means to analyze own‘s
personality
Self-critical
awareness skills, as the term indicates, refer to one’s ability to be aware of
or to recognize his emotions, behaviors, beliefs, motivations and other
characteristics such as strengths and weaknesses, such that it enables him to
identify and understand himself as a separate entity.
Independent
thinking
Independent thinking
is having the confidence to draw on your own innate intelligence and depend on
your own judgment, having your own views and values to guide you, rather than
someone else's.
According to the University
of Alabama: "Independent thinking is the process of making sense
of the world based on your own observations and experiences rather than
depending on the word of others"
NDT resources – The Process of being able to think on your own, without someone else guiding you.
Independent thinking
signifies performing something according
to your own beliefs and opinions.
Strategies for Independent Thinking
i.
Remain
aloof from the sources of conventional thinking
ii.
Focus
on your own experience
iii.
Watch
your life experiences with different angles
iv.
Come
out from your comfort zones
v.
Organizing
instruction
vi.
Learning
from mistakes
vii.
Setting
goals
viii.
Do
your best avoiding to impress other
ix.
Using
logic at all times
x.
Be
willing to take risk
xi.
Courage
for accepting failure
Characteristics Of An Independent Thinker
Self belief- Self-belief (or
self-efficacy) is a person's belief in their ability to complete tasks
and to achieve their goals.
Self awareness- Self-awareness is the ability to tune in to
your feelings, thoughts, and actions. Being self-aware also means being
able to recognize how other people see you. People who are self-aware recognize
their strengths and their challenges.
Persistence- an independent thinker
will show very dedication to complete any given task.
Confidence-
The level of confidence is very
high between independent thinkers. Determination & motivation –an independent
thinkers are example of determination and motivation.
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